By Seriously, who turned up the heat? The summer temperatures are breaking records this year, and we’ve been seeing a steady uptick in emergency room visits related to the sweltering heat.
Sure, summer brings longer days, cookouts, travel, and outdoor adventures for many. And if you’re not careful, an afternoon of fun in the sun can turn serious, even life-threatening – especially for our most vulnerable populations. The good news? With awareness and early action, most serious heat-related illnesses are entirely preventable.
When the Body Overheats
Our bodies are so cool (see what I did there?). They are designed to regulate internal temperature through sweating and increased blood flow to the skin. But when it’s hot and humid – or when we’re dehydrated or overexerting ourselves – those cooling mechanisms can become overwhelmed.
Once core body temperature rises too high, organs begin to suffer. Heat-related illness isn’t just about “feeling hot”- it’s a medical condition that can impact the brain, heart, kidneys, and more.
Understanding the Heat Illness Spectrum
Heat Cramps
- The earliest warning sign. These painful muscle cramps – often in the legs or abdomen – typically occur during or after physical activity in the heat. They’re caused by fluid and electrolyte loss.
- What to do: Rest in a cool place, hydrate with water or an electrolyte drink, and gently stretch the affected muscle.
Heat Exhaustion
- This is your body signaling distress. You might feel dizzy, nauseated, weak, or lightheaded. Other symptoms include heavy sweating, a fast pulse, headache, and cool, clammy skin.
- What to do: Move to a shaded or air-conditioned space, sip fluids slowly, and apply cool compresses. If symptoms don’t improve – or worsen – it’s time to seek medical care.
Heat Stroke
- This is a true medical emergency. The body’s cooling system has failed, and core temperature climbs above 104°F. You may see confusion, agitation, slurred speech, unconsciousness, or even seizures. Sweating may stop or persist depending on the cause.
- What to do: Call 911 immediately. While waiting for emergency responders, begin active cooling: ice packs to the armpits, groin, neck; or cold water immersion if possible.
Why Heat Stroke Is So Dangerous
Heat stroke is more than “overheating” – it’s a systemic breakdown. At extreme temperatures, proteins in the body denature, the brain swells, and vital organs begin to shut down. Without fast intervention, it can lead to permanent disability or death.
We often see this in older adults during heat waves, athletes pushing past their limits, or individuals working outdoors without access to adequate hydration or shade.
Who’s Most at Risk?
Anyone can develop heat-related illness, but some groups are more vulnerable:
- Older adults, especially those living alone or without air conditioning
- Infants and children, who can’t regulate temperature as effectively
- People with chronic conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes
- Athletes and outdoor workers are exposed to high heat for prolonged periods
- Those taking medications that affect fluid balance or sweating (i.e., diuretics, antihistamines, beta blockers)
Prevention: The Best Medicine
You don’t need to avoid the outdoors altogether – you just need to be smart about it:
- Hydrate before, during, and after activity
- Schedule exercise or work for early morning or evening
- Take breaks in the shade or air conditioning
- Wear light-colored, breathable clothing
- Never leave children or pets in parked vehicles – not even for a minute
When to Go to the ER
If you or someone you’re with shows signs of confusion, fainting, vomiting, or stops sweating in the heat, don’t wait it out. These are signs of heat stroke, and immediate care is essential. Time is critical, and outcomes improve dramatically with early intervention.
Final Pulse Check:
Heat-related illness is common, serious, and – most importantly – preventable. As temperatures climb, so does your responsibility to protect yourself and others. Pay attention to early warning signs, take precautions, and don’t hesitate to seek help if something doesn’t feel right.
Your body has a limit. Cool your jets and listen to it.
Dr. Laura Hays is an emergency physician with MEMA and co-founder of Lasting Impact Wellness Group, a health and well-being coaching and consulting company.
Check out her website at www.lastingimpactwellness.com and listen to her podcast, “Lasting Impact Wellness,” for more valuable insight and tips on optimal well-being.
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